Between 2011, the reference year of the first Ecoantibio plan, and 2020, the exposure of farm animals and pets to antibiotics has decreased by 45.4%. This success can be linked to changes in farming methods and the mobilisation of the sector's stakeholders.
- Good dynamics in pigs and poultry
The greatest progress has been made in poultry and pig farming. The ALEA "corresponds to the ratio between the estimated live weight treated and the biomass of the animal population in France", has been reduced by 64.4% and 55.5% respectively over the period from 2011 to 2020. A point of vigilance, the exposure of cattle, rabbits and small domestic carnivores, although in sharp decline since 2011, is on the rise between 2019 and 2020.
As for the exposure of animals to critically important antibiotics, "among the only ones that can treat serious diseases in humans", the results exceeded all expectations. All species combined, "compared to 2013, exposure to fluoroquinolones has decreased by 87.3% and exposure to third and fourth generation cephalosporins has decreased by 94.3%".
After a significant drop between 2011 and 2016, 'the trend is towards stabilisation of antibiotic use', summarises Gérard Moulin. But there is no question of relaxing our attention for all that. We will probably not be able to do without antibiotics altogether," adds Gilles Salvat, Deputy Director General for Research and Reference at the Anses. The most important thing is to ensure the health and well-being of animals.- Vaccinate to treat less
According to the veterinarians interviewed by the Anses, 'one of the factors encouraging them to use less antibiotics is the use of vaccines or alternative treatments such as phytotherapy or aromatherapy'.
The development of 'antibiotic-free' specifications and organic conversions also help. "Other trends are more specific: some veterinarians have indicated that they administered more antibiotics to cattle because of the weather conditions, which favoured respiratory diseases and mastitis' last year.
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